Alkali catalyzed liquefaction of corncob in supercritical ethanol–water

Corncob liquefaction in supercritical ethanol–water was performed with and without the addition of an alkali catalyst by direct addition or biomass impregnation in a 250-cm³ batch reactor. The effects of temperature, solvent and alkali addition on the biomass conversion level and oil yield were investigated to find the optimum condition. For non-catalytic liquefaction using a 1:1 (v/v) ethanol: water ratio, a maximum oil yield and conversion level of 49.0% and 93.4%, respectively, were obtained at 340 °C. For alkali catalytic liquefaction, the oil yield with KOH addition (57.5%) was higher than that from KOH-impregnated corncob liquefaction (43.3%). The oil from liquefaction with KOH addition had higher heating value (26.7–35.3 MJ kg⁻¹) than the corncob (19.1 MJ kg⁻¹). The dominant components of the obtained oil were found by GC/MS analysis to be aldehyde, ester, phenol derivatives and aromatic compounds.     

Unveiling the role of Fe3O4in polymer spin valve near Verwey transition

The spinterface formed between ferromagnetic(FM)electrode and organic materials is vital for performance optimization in organic spin valve(OSV).Half-metallic Fe₃O₄with drastic change in structure,conductivity and magnetic property near Verwey transition can serve as an intrinsic spinterface regulator.However,such modulating effect of Fe₃O₄in OSV has not been comprehensively investigated,especially below the Verwey transition temperature(Tv).Here,we highlight the important role of Fe₃O₄electrode in reliable-working and controllable Fe₃O₄/P3HT/Co polymer spin valves by investigating the magnetoresistance(MR)above and below 7V.In order to distinguish between different contributions to charge transport and related MR responses,the systematic electronic and magnetic characterizations were carried out in full temperature range.Particularly,the first-order metal-insulator transition in Fe₃O₄has a dramatic effect on the MR enhancement of polymer spin valves at 7V.Moreover,both the conducting mode transformation and MR line shape modulation could be accomplished across 7V.This research renders unique scenario to multimodal storage by external thermodynamic parameters,and further reveals the importance of spin-dependent interfacial modification in polymer spin valves.     

带有蓄热型直接冷凝式加热板的空气源热泵系统性能研究

针对现有的空气源热泵冬季供热系统，提出了一种使用新型蓄热型直接冷凝式加热板（RHP）的空气源热泵供热系统，并测试了RHP的热性能和系统的运行特性，同时分析了系统的效率和经济性。实验结果表明，在39℃的冷凝温度下，RHP的热容量高达1044 W，RHP的蓄热量大于1000 kJ。在室外空气温度为8℃时，系统COP高达3.7。此外，对于20 m²的居住房间而言，该系统的供暖初始投资成本和总运行成本分别为3174.7 CNY和510.7 CNY，在居住建筑冬季供暖领域具有较大的竞争力。     

A novel utilized method of tar derived from biomass gasification for fabricating binder-free all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

As an industrial pollutant, tar derived from biomass gasification is used as the precursor for fabricating a novel carbon-metal hydroxides composite electrode. A slurry (the mixture of tar, KOH and melamine) is daubed uniformly onto the nickel foam, which is directly carbonized to form NPC@LDH electrode material. This electrode is further coated with NiCo-LDH nanosheets using an electrodeposition method to form NF@NPC@LDH. The newly made NF@NPC@LDH electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 9.6 F cm⁻² at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and good rate performance (55.3% retention). Furthermore, a hybrid NF@NPC@LDH//NF@PC all-solid-state supercapacitor is fabricated, and the device exhibits high energy density of 1.28 mWh cm⁻³ at a power density of 8.04 mW cm⁻³, low resistance and good cycling stability.     

Robot learning through task identification

The operation of an autonomous mobile robot in a semi-structured environment is a complex, usually non-linear and partly unpredictable process. Lacking a theory of robot–environment interaction that allows the design of robot control code based on theoretical analysis, roboticists still have to resort to trial-and-error methods in mobile robotics.The RobotMODIC project aims to develop a theoretical understanding of a robot’s interaction with its environment, and uses system identification techniques to identify the system robot–task–environment. In this paper, we present two practical examples of the RobotMODIC process: mobile robot self-localisation and mobile robot training to achieve door traversal.In both examples, a transparent mathematical function is obtained that maps inputs–sensory perception in both cases–to output — location and steering velocity respectively. Analysis of the obtained models reveals further information about the way in which a task is achieved, the relevance of individual sensors, possible ways of obtaining more parsimonious models, etc.     

二氧化碳加氢直接合成二甲醚催化剂的研究——沉淀次序对复合催化剂结构和性能的影响

以草酸乙醇溶液为沉淀剂,采用不同的沉淀次序(并流、反加和正加)制备了CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5复合型催化剂,对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚反应的催化活性顺序为:并流法催化剂>反加法催化剂>正加法催化剂。3种复合催化剂的还原温度由低到高的顺序为:并流法催化剂<反加法催化剂<正加法催化剂。在沉淀过程中,反加法和正加法均形成类胶体沉淀,相应催化剂的比表面积也较大。IR研究发现,催化剂在1101cm-1处表现Cu/Zn/Al氧化物与HZSM-5分子筛之间相互作用的IR吸收峰强度与其催化活性间存在对应关系。XRD结果表明,并流法得到的催化剂前驱体中有铜锌同形取代现象,有利于催化剂活性的发挥。     

Acquisition and pattern recognition of spectrum information of welding metal transfer

With the creation of a pattern recognition system for metal transfer mode, this article has collected five kinds of spectrum signals in gas metal arc welding (MIG, MAG and CO₂) and take them as training samples. These samples have been pretreated by computer, several key characteristic parameters of the spectrum signal have been creatively extracted, and a corresponding recognition function and a minimum-distance-classifier have been constructed. The results show that the pattern recognition of several kinds of metal transfer modes for the metal gas arc welding can be done successfully, and relative important parameters in welding process, such as the frequency of droplet transfer and the approximate diameter of each droplet, can also be obtained.     

基于椭圆曲线的限制代理签名方案

基于椭圆曲线提出了一个限制代谢签名者的代理签名次数和代理签名期限的代理签名方案。原始签名者在代理签名有效期内，能限制代理签名者的代理签名次数，当代理签名有效期过后，能收回代理签名权。该方案克服了通常的代理签名方案中一旦原始签名者将答名权委托给代理签名者，就无法控制代理签名者的代理签名次数，无法收回代理签名权的缺点，该方案是基于椭圆曲线，采用一次一密签名构造的，具有安全性高，速度快，密钥量小，便于实现等优点。